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New articles of HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

List of accepted articles to Issue No. 42/2023

1. RAPID DETECTION OF SOIL TEXTURE ATTRIBUTE BASED ON MID-INFRARED SPECTRAL LIBRARY IN SALT AFFECTED SOILS OF HUNGARY

Author(s):

M. A. MohammedZein, E. Micheli, B. Rotich, P. N. Justine, A. E. Eltayeb, H. Tharwat, A. Csorba

Abstract: Quantifying among others the soil’s physical properties is essential for the assessment of the diverse soil environmental functions including water balance of soils and pore structure, water erosion and various soil hydraulic properties. The mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a useful technique to predict soil attributes with high accuracy, efficiency and low cost. In this study, we examined the ability of our MIR soil spectral library in predicting the clay, silt, sand content of salt affected Hungarian soils. This research is part of a project to establish a MIR spectral library in the frame of the Hungarian Soil Information and Mentoring System (SIMS) survey. Salt affected soils type data was extracted from the spectral library then transformation of spectral reflectance values to absorbance values were performed. Moving average filtering method was applied to absorbance spectra before performing principal components analysis. To determine outlier samples and to select the proper samples for model calibration, Mahalanobis distance-based outlier detection method and Kennard-Stone Sampling selection method were applied on the principal component scores. Spectral and reference soil data were combined and split into training and testing datasets. MIR prediction models were built for sand, clay, and silt content using Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) method. Coefficient determination, root mean square error and ratio performance to deviation were used to assess the models performance. The prediction accuracies of calibration sets for soil physical texture were excellent while the validation results were slightly lower but still with a good level of prediction.

Keywords: Kennard-Stone sampling, partial least square, Soil Information Monitoring System, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform

2. PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTION-INCREASING FACTORS OF BIOCHAR

Author(s):

V. Madár, A. Betovics, L. Tóth

Abstract: In the article, we deal with biochar-related research and our own developments. Studies in the literature show that biochar can be used as a soil conditioner in agriculture and horticulture. It improves many physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and substrate. It increases the water retention capacity while reducing the leaching of nutrients. Through these, you can improve the profit of producers, the sustainability of production, and the efficiency of fertiliser use. By increasing water retention, biochar can reduce irrigation needs and enable production on limited water resources. The developed and presented equipment was called the resting bed (fixed bed) version. Drying and carbonization are also carried out by direct heat transfer. The material, with a temperature equalised by moving drying and a homogeneous composition, enters the reactor. The high-temperature gas and air mixture is introduced into the dryer by a gas jet pump. The energy obtained by burning the pyrolysis gases produced during carbonization ensures the heating of the system, so there is no need for significant external energy input. Due to the structure of the system, the PAH content of the final product is low.

Keywords: biochar, effect of biochar on soils, production of biochar

3. AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS OF THE DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD

Author(s):

J. Huang, I. Keppler

Abstract: The global population has been steadily increasing, putting pressure on available resources, including agricultural land. The decrease of available agricultural land has made it difficult to sustainably produce enough food to feed the growing population. Global warming and water issues have also made it challenging to grow crops, with changing weather patterns and water scarcity affecting yields. To address these challenges, there is a need to modernize agricultural technologies. One of the available possibilities is the improvement of post-harvest technologies. By gaining more knowledge on the mechanical behavior of particulate materials using discrete element modeling, it may be possible to optimize post-harvest technologies for food processing and storage. This could lead to improvements in the quality and safety of food products while reducing waste and increasing efficiency. This paper reviews the key literature concerned with the agricultural applications and DEM parameters calibration of agricultural particles, which generally are corn, rice, wheat, soybean, sunflower seed and soil particles.

Keywords: agricultural particles, discrete element method, calibration

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